Chanderi

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Chanderi
Chendaree
Town
View of Chanderi town from kila Kothi. The Chaubisi Jain temple with 24 shikharas, installed in 1836 by Bhattaraka Harichand of Sonagir, is in the center.
View of Chanderi town from kila Kothi. The Chaubisi Jain temple with 24 shikharas, installed in 1836 by Bhattaraka Harichand of Sonagir, is in the center.
Chanderi is located in Madhya Pradesh
Chanderi
Chanderi
Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
Chanderi is located in India
Chanderi
Chanderi
Chanderi (India)
Coordinates: 24°43′N 78°08′E / 24.72°N 78.13°E / 24.72; 78.13Coordinates: 24°43′N 78°08′E / 24.72°N 78.13°E / 24.72; 78.13
Country India
StateMadhya Pradesh
DistrictAshoknagar
Founded byRaja Shishupal (mentioned in Mahabharata)
Named forChedi Kingdom
Government
 • TypeCity Municipality Board
Area
 • Total10.7 km2 (4.1 sq mi)
Elevation
456 m (1,496 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total33,081[1]
 • Rank3rd in Ashoknagar District
Languages
 • OfficialBundelkhandi, Hindi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Telephone code07547
Vehicle registrationMP 67
Websitechanderi.nic.in

Chanderi, is a town of historical importance in Ashoknagar District of the state Madhya Pradesh in India. It is situated at a distance of 127 km from Shivpuri, 37 km from Lalitpur, 55 km from Ashok Nagar and about 46 km from Isagarh. It is surrounded by hills southwest of the Betwa River. Chanderi is surrounded by hills, lakes and forests and is spotted with several monuments of the Bundela Rajputs and Malwa sultans. It is famous for ancient Jain Temples. Its population in 2011 was 33,081.

History[edit]

Chanderi is mentioned by the Persian scholar Alberuni in 1030. Ghiyas ud din Balban captured the city in 1251 for Nasiruddin Mahmud, Sultan of Delhi. Sultan Mahmud I Khilji of Malwa captured the city in 1438 after a siege of several months. Rana Sanga of Mewar conquer much of the Malwa along with Chanderi and appointed his vassal Medini Rai a rebellious minister of Sultan Mahmud II of Malwa as ruler of Malwa under his lordship.Medini Rai made Chanderi as capital of his kingdom.[2] In the Battle of Chanderi, the Mughal Emperor Babur captured the fort from Medini Rai and witnessed the macabre Rajput rite of jauhar, in which, faced with certain defeat and in an attempt to escape dishonor in the hands of the enemy, women with children in their arms jumped in a fire pit to commit suicide, which was made for this specific purpose, against the background of vedic hymns recited by the priests. Jauhar was performed during the night and in the morning the men would rub the ashes of their dead women folk on their forehead, don a saffron garment known as kesariya, chew tulsi leaves (in India tulsi leaves are placed in the mouth of a dead body), symbolizing their awareness about impending death and resolve to fight and die with honour. This method of fighting & dying for the cause of retaining honour was called "SAKA".,[3] Earlier Babur offered Shamsabad to Medini Rai instead of Chanderi fort as it had great importance in conquering Malwa but he refused and choose to die fighting [4]

In 1540 it was captured by Sher Shah Suri, and added to the governorship of Shujaat Khan. The Mughal Emperor Akbar made the city a sarkar in the subah of Malwa.[5] According to Ain-e-Akbari, the autobiography of Akbar, Chanderi had 14000 stone houses and boasted of 384 markets, 360 spacious caravan sarais (resting place) and 12,000 mosques.

The Bundela Rajputs captured the city in 1586, and it was held by Ram Sab, a son of Raja Madhukar of Orchha. In 1680 Devi Singh Bundela was made governor of the city, and Chanderi remained in the hands of his family until it was annexed in 1811 by Jean Baptiste Filose for the Maratha ruler Daulat Rao Sindhia of Gwalior. The city was transferred to the British in 1844. The British lost control of the city during the Revolt of 1857, and the city was recaptured by Hugh Rose on 14 March 1858. Richard Harte Keatinge led the assault, for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross. The city was transferred back to the Sindhias of Gwalior in 1861, and became part of Isagarh District of Gwalior state.

After India's independence in 1947, Gwalior became part of the new state of Madhya Bharat, which was merged into Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 1956.

Geography[edit]

Chanderi is located at 24°43′N 78°08′E / 24.72°N 78.13°E / 24.72; 78.13.[6] It has an average elevation of 456 metres (1496 feet).

Demographics[edit]

As of 2001 India census,[7] Chanderi had a population of 28,313. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%.

Places of interest[edit]

  • Shri Choubisi Bada Mandir
  • Shri Parasnath Digambar Jain Purana Mandir Jain Temple
  • Shri Khandargiri Jain Temple
  • Shri Thobon Ji Jain Temple
  • Shri Chandraprabha Digambar Jain Temple
  • Bawari Masjid
  • Jami Masjid, Chanderi
  • Kati Ghati
  • Battisi Bawri
  • badal mahal
  • Koshiq Mahal
  • Shahzadi Ka Rauza
  • Jageswari Devi Temple
  • Chanderi Museum
  • Khandar Giri Atishay Khetra
  • Malan Kho
  • Baiju Bawra's Samadhi (Cenotaph)
  • Janki Nath Temple[8]

Access[edit]

There is a good roadway network in Chanderi. The town lies at State Highway 20 and National Highway 376 with connections to Ashoknagar, ISHAGARH, Lalitpur etc. There is no Railway line in Chanderi neither nearby. A proposed Railway line was enacted in 2014 as Pipraigaon-Chanderi-Lalitpur line of Northern Railways, Which will be in progress soon.[9]

One can easily visit Chanderi via

  • Lalitpur 40 km from Chanderi. Well connected by road Lalitpur is situated on the Bhopal-Jhansi railway route and is also a stop for a number of important trains.
  • Mungaoli 38 km from Chanderi. Mungaoli is well connected by road and is situated on the Bina-Kota railway route and express trains from Bina Etawa and Kota halt at Mungaoli.
  • Ashok Nagar 65 km from Chanderi. Situated on the Bina-Kota railway route. Many passenger trains and few express like the Ahemdabad-Varanasi Express (Sabarmati Exp), Jabalpur-Jaipur-Ajmer Express (Dayodaya Superfast Exp), Okha-Gorakhpur Express, Santragachi-Ajmer Express, Ujjain-Dehradun Express (Ujjaini Exp), Puri-Bikaner Express, Durg-Jaipur Express, Tambaram (Chennai) - Bhagat Ki Kothi (Jodhpur) Express, Durg-Ajmer Express, Surat-Muzaffarpur Express, Ajmer-Kolkata Express, Bhopal-Gwalior Express, Indore-Jabalpur Express halt at the Ashok Nagar station.

Jainism at Chanderi[edit]

The Chanderi area has been a major center of Jain culture. It was a major center of the Parwar Jain community. There are a number of Jain places nearby- Gurilagiri (7 km), Aamanachar (29 km), Bithala (19 km), Bhamon (16 km), Khandargiri (2 km), Thuvanji (22 km) and Bhiyadant (14 km), and Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh (20 km, across the border).

The Jain Bhattarakas of Mula Sangh, Balatkara Gana had a center at Chanderi that flourished for several centuries. The lineage, as constructed by Pt. Phulachandra Shastri is as following:

View of Chanderi Fort
It is a 45 feet tall rock cut murti of the first Jain Tirthankara Rishabhnath, popularly known as Adinath
  1. Devendrakirti (see Balatkara Gana), who awarded Singhai title in 1436 CE (see Parwar (Jain))
  2. Tribhuvanakirti (anointed in Vikram Samvat 1522),
  3. Sasasrakirti
  4. Padmanandi
  5. Yashahkirti
  6. Lalitkirti
  7. Dharmakirt
  8. Padmakirti (died Vikram Samvat 1717)
  9. Sakalakirti
  10. Surendrakirti (pratishtha in Vikram Samvat 1746)

A branch of this lineage continued at Sironj.

  1. Jagatkirti (pupil of Dharmakirti above)
  2. Tribhuvanakirti
  3. Narendrakirti
  4. Unknown
  5. Rajkirti
  6. Devendrakirti (pratishtha in samvat 1871)
Jain Temple

List of Jain temples at Chanderi:[10]

  1. Shri Choubeesee Bara Mandir : This temple has 2 parts with front part is known as Bara mandir and back part called Choubeesee mandir. As suggested by inscription this temple was built around year 1293(V.S. 1350). This temple was renovated in 13th to 18th century. This temple has 24 idols for 24 Tirthankars and these idols are made by the stones of actual colors as the Tirthankar. All idols are same in dimensions, which is very difficult in real.[11][12]
  1. Shri Parasnath Digamber Jain Purana mandir Jain temple : It is one of the oldest jain temple in chanderi containing idols of Shri Prasnath ji of 7th century.
  1. Shri Khandargiri Jain temple : It is one of the most famous religious site in Chanderi. This temple has a 45 feet carved idol of Rishabhnatha. Inscriptions suggest that this statue is over 700 years old.[13] Six caves have been cut out of the hillside. Inside there are a number of religious carvings of Jain saints and decorations carved into the existing hillside. The oldest cave is cave 6 that dates back to 1236.[14]
  2. Shri thobonji Jain temple : This temple belongs to 9th century.[14] Moolnayak of this temple is light blue colored idol colossal of Adinath of height 36 feet 8 inches. The other colossal idols in this temple are Bhagwan ParshVanatha of height 13 feet 4 inches and Bhagwan Parshwanath of height 12 feet 6 inches.[15]
  3. Shri Chandraprabha digambar Jain temple : This temple is dedicated to Chandraprabha, the 8th tirthankar of Jainism. Oldest inscription date back to year 967 AD.[16]

In popular culture[edit]

In the episode of 1, 2 and 3 January 2020 respectively, they telecast Chanderi's places which filmed in Chanderi's palace, Jageshwari mandir, Laxman mandir, panbeshwar talab and Kuku Taal (Kuku talaiya).

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. "Chanderi Municipality City Population Census 2011-2020 | Madhya Pradesh". www.census2011.co.in.
  2. Chaursai, pp. 156-157.
  3. The Mughal Throne by Abraham Eraly pg 33
  4. Satish Chandra 2006, pp. 36.
  5. Abū al-Fazl ibn Mubārak, The Ain - I - Akbari, Volume 2, page 196
  6. "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Chanderi, India". www.fallingrain.com.
  7. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. "Pipraigaon and Lalitpur via Chanderi - Railway Enquiry". indiarailinfo.com. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  10. "Jainism at Chanderi". chanderi.net. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012.
  11. "Shri Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra Choubeesee Bara Mandir, Chanderi. | JainTeerth.com".
  12. "Jain-Tirth-Shri Bhojpur, M.P". jain.org.in. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  13. "Khandargiri Temple". 5 May 2010.
  14. 14.0 14.1 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. "Chandraprabh Jain Temple | Chanderi.org".
  17. "Stree Preview: Boo. Rajkummar Rao, Shraddha Kapoor Blend Comedy And Spook". NDTV.com. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
  18. "Sui Dhaaga: Anushka Sharma, Varun Dhawan begin shooting in bylanes of Chanderi, Madhya Pradesh- Entertainment News, Firstpost". Firstpost. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
  19. "सीरियल 'गुड़िया हमारी सभी पे भारी' में दिखेंगी शहर की सारिका". www.patrika.com (in hindi). Retrieved 14 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

Template:Gwalior Division